READING PLAN: INVENTIONS

 Inventions (text from https://games4esl.com/)

1)      Pre-reading exercise: Match the inventors with their right inventions:

A. Thomas Edison B. Alexander Graham Bell C. Orville and Wilbur Wright D. Philo Farnsworth and John Logie Baird E. Alexander Fleming F. Rudolph Diesel G. Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs

Light bulb Telephone First successful airplane Television Antibiotics (penicillin) Internal combustion engine Personal computer

2) Read the text and answer the questions below:

Inventions have changed the world in countless ways. From life-saving medical devices to time-saving gadgets, inventions have improved our lives and shaped the way we live. One of the earliest known inventions was stone tools developed by humans millions of years ago.

Throughout history, inventors have used their creativity and scientific knowledge to bring us amazing innovations. One of the most influential inventors in history is Thomas Edison. He was a prolific inventor and held over 1,000 patents. One of his most famous inventions is the light bulb which changed the world by providing inexpensive lighting to large parts of society. Another invention that has had a major impact on modern life is Alexander Graham Bell's telephone. His invention revolutionised communication and allowed people to talk to one another no matter how far apart they were.

The Wright brothers are credited with inventing the first successful airplane, allowing humans to fly for the first time in 1903. Other important inventions include the television created by Philo Farnsworth and John Logie Baird; antibiotics discovered by Alexander Fleming; the internal combustion engine invented by Rudolph Diesel; and the personal computer created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs.

Inventions continue to shape our lives today, with new technologies such as drones, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, robotics, and more being developed. Inventors are constantly pushing boundaries to find new ways of improving our lives and making the world a better place. As we look towards the future, it will be exciting to see what new inventions will come next!

1)     What was one of Thomas Edison’s most famous inventions, and how did it impact society?

2) How did Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone revolutionize communication?

3)  What major achievement did the Wright brothers accomplish in 1903, and why was it significant?

4)  Who are the inventors credited with the creation of television, and why is this invention important?

5) Who discovered antibiotics, and what was the impact of this discovery on modern medicine?

6)    What invention is Rudolph Diesel known for, and how did it influence transportation?

7)  Who are the inventors of the personal computer, and why is this invention considered so important?

8)  Why are inventors like Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and the Wright brothers still remembered today?

International Day of Flamenco

 1)      Read the text about the International Day of Flamenco and answer the questions below

International Day of Flamenco: 10 aspects to take into account to “understand Flamenco”.

November 16th is not just a date on the calendar; it is a day dedicated to honouring the cultural richness and authenticity of flamenco. This day commemorates the inclusion of flamenco in the prestigious UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010. World Flamenco Day has become a special occasion to celebrate and spread the unique passion of this art that transcends borders and connects hearts.

Here are 10 facts to help you get to know the richness of this art form.

1. Mysterious origins: Although flamenco is believed to have its roots in the gypsy culture in Andalusia, its exact origins are difficult to trace. This mystery contributes to the fascination surrounding this art form, leaving room for interpretation and speculation.
2. Cultural Influences: Flamenco not only has gypsy influences, but has also absorbed elements of Moorish and Jewish culture. This fusion of traditions has enriched and diversified the art of flamenco over the years.
3. Clapping and Compás: In flamenco, clapping (rhythmic clapping) and compás (rhythm) are fundamental. Performers and hobbyists not only clap to show approval, but also actively participate in the creation of the rhythm, making the audience an integral part of the performance.
4. Exquisite costumes: The costumes in flamenco are as important as the music and the dance. Traditional costumes, especially in the case of the dancers, are elaborated colourful and richly ornamented, contributing to the visual spectacle and artistic expression.
5. Flamenco Guitar: The flamenco guitar, an essential component of the genre, has unique characteristics. With a thinner soundboard than the classical guitar, it produces a brighter and more percussive sound, perfect for accompanying flamenco singing and dancing.
   
   
   
6. El Duende: “Duende” is a difficult concept to translate, but it is essential to understanding flamenco. It refers to the magic, emotion and authenticity that an artist brings to his or her performance. Flamenco is not just technique; it is the ability to transmit deep feelings.
7. Tablao Flamenco: Although flamenco can be enjoyed in a variety of venues, from theatres to festivals, “tablaos flamencos” are special places dedicated exclusively to this art form. They offer an intimate and authentic experience, where artists can connect directly with the audience.
8. Cante Jondo: This style of singing, often called “cante jondo” or “cante hondo”, is characterised by its emotional depth and its connection with the most primitive aspects of human existence. It is a fundamental component of the purest flamenco.
9. Improvisation and Spontaneity: Although some flamenco pieces are carefully structured, improvisation and spontaneity are key elements. Artists can surprise the audience with unexpected variations in singing, dancing or guitar playing, creating unique moments in each performance.
10.  Word “Flamenco”: The word “flamenco” does not only refer to the musical and dance genre. Originally, it was used to describe the gypsies who settled in Andalusia, and later, it became associated with the art they created.

2)      Choose the right answers:

1. What is the significance of November 16th in relation to flamenco?
• A) It marks the birth of a famous flamenco dancer.
• B) It is International Flamenco Day, celebrating flamenco's cultural richness.
• C) It is the anniversary of the first flamenco festival.
• D) It is the date when flamenco was first performed.
2. What year was flamenco included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity?
• A) 2005
• B) 2010
• C) 2015
• D) 2020
3. Which cultures have influenced flamenco, according to the text?
• A) Only gypsy culture
• B) Gypsy, Moorish, and Jewish cultures
• C) Latin American cultures
• D) Mediterranean cultures
4. What role does clapping play in flamenco performances?
• A) It is only for showing approval.
• B) It is a way to create rhythm and engage the audience.
• C) It is a signal for the performers to take a break.
• D) It is used to indicate the end of a performance.
5. Why are costumes important in flamenco?
• A) They are used to tell stories.
• B) They are a visual spectacle and enhance artistic expression.
• C) They serve to identify different flamenco styles.
• D) They are necessary for the musicians to perform.
6. What is unique about the flamenco guitar compared to a classical guitar?
• A) It has a thicker soundboard.
• B) It produces a softer sound.
• C) It has a thinner soundboard and a brighter sound.
• D) It is played only during festivals.
7. What does "El Duende" refer to in the context of flamenco?
• A) A specific type of dance.
• B) A technical skill in playing guitar.
• C) The magic and emotion an artist brings to their performance.
• D) A traditional flamenco song.
8. What are "tablaos flamencos"?
• A) Festivals celebrating flamenco.
• B) Special venues dedicated to flamenco performances.
• C) Types of flamenco dances.
• D) Styles of flamenco guitar playing.
9. What is "cante jondo"?
• A) A type of flamenco dance.
• B) A style of flamenco singing characterized by emotional depth.
• C) A flamenco instrument.
• D) A form of flamenco costume.
10. How do improvisation and spontaneity feature in flamenco performances?
• A) They are not allowed in flamenco.
• B) They create unique moments in each performance.
• C) They are only used in guitar playing.
• D) They are reserved for the audience's participation.

 

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

•  Notes in Spanish1 (apuntes en español) in Spanish 2
• Grammar reference: form, use and signal words

1. Exercises for fast finishers: The Pilgrims
2. Basic exercises: test 1
3. Standard exercises: exercise 1 exercise 2 excercise + answers

https://linguapress.com/intermediate/black-london-taxis.htm

HISTORICAL EVENTS

What's for you the most important important event in history?

Watch the video and check if your event is one of the events that appears in the top ten.

VERB CHAMPION LEAGUE

 Top 5  08/10/24

ISV-10

RRM-10

CPV-10

NGC-9

DVR-9

GREAT QUESTIONS ABOUT TO BE ANSWERED

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  Who has been the most important person in your life? Why?
• What have been some of the happiest moments in your life? The saddest?
• Who has been the biggest influence on your life? What lessons did that person or those people teach you?
• Was there any funny story your family tells about you?
• When in life have you felt most alone?
• How has your life been different than what you’d imagined?
• How would you like to be remembered?
• Did you have any regrets from your childhood? And early adolescence?
• Is there anything that you’ve never told your family?
• If you could talk to a younger version of yourself, what would you say?
• What were your first impressions of me? How did they change?

- Answer questions using present perfect

START REVISION

 FOOD VOCABULARY

BODY PARTS VOCABULARY

ADJECTIVES

Travelling: 

Use the following questions to talk about travelling:

• How often do you travel?
• What was the last place you travelled to?
• Do you prefer to travel alone or with others?
• What do you look forward to the most when travelling (ex. ...
• What was your best trip ever?
• What was your worst trip ever?
• What type of activities do you prefer doing when you are on a trip?