Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta relative clauses. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta relative clauses. Mostrar todas las entradas

lunes, 19 de abril de 2021

martes, 9 de marzo de 2021

RELATIVE CLAUSES

 RELATIVE CLAUSES (ORACIONES DE RELATIVO)

Las oraciones subordinadas de relativo, u oraciones relativas, aportan información acerca de un elemento que aparece en la oración principal y que se denomina antecedente. Pueden ir introducidas por pronombres o adverbios relativos.

Jack, who's retired now, spends a lot of time with his grandchildren.

 Los pronombres de relativo son:

Ø  That: es el pronombre relativo más utilizado en el inglés hablado, ya que se puede utilizar tanto con personas como con cosas. Se utiliza para sustituir “which”, “who” o “whom”.

·         This is the book that won the Pulitzer prize last year.

(Este es el libro que ganó el Permio Pulizer el año pasado.)

·         This is the restaurant that received the excellent reviews in the newspaper.

(Este es el restaurante que recibió excelentes críticas en el periódico.)

Which:  sólo se puede utilizar con las cosas.

·         My new job, which I only started last week, is already very stressful.

(Mi nuevo trabajo, que acabo de empezar la semana pasada, ya es muy estresante.)

·         The house which we lived in when we were children burnt down last week.

(La casa en la que vivíamos cuando éramos niños se quemó la semana pasada.)

 

Ø  Who: sólo se puede utilizar con las personas.

·         My sister, who just moved in with me, is looking for a job.

(Mi hermana, que se acaba de mudar conmigo, está buscando trabajo.)

·         I never met someone who didn’t like music.

(Nunca he conocido a alguien que no le guste la música.)

 

Ø  Whose: El uso de “whose” indica posesión, tanto para las personas como para las cosas.

·         That is the girl whose parents got divorced last year.

(Esa es la chica cuyos padres se divorciaron el año pasado.)

·         Paul, whose wife just had a baby, will not be at work for a few weeks.

(Paul, cuya esposa acaba de tener un bebé, no irá a trabajar durante unas semanas.)


Choose the correct relative pronoun

 Los adverbios de relativo son: when, where and why. Estos adverbios se refieren a expresiones de tiempo, lugares o motivos.

·         The university where I teach is an excellent school.

(La universidad donde enseño es una escuela excelente.)

·         Can you tell me when is the best time to call?

(¿Puedes decirme cuando es la mejor hora para llamar?)

Choose the correct relative adverb

 Nota: el pronombre relativo puede omitirse cuando es el objeto de la oración de relativo.

·         The exam [that] I took this morning won’t be corrected and returned until next week.

(El examen que hice esta mañana no se corregirá ni se devolverá hasta la semana que viene.)

·         The woman [who] I’m dating is a teacher.

(La mujer con quien estoy saliendo es profesora.)


Decide whether the relative pronouns must be used or not.

 Types of relative clauses

Hay dos tipos de oraciones de relativo: las que añaden información adicional y aquellas que modifican (o definen) el sujeto de la oración:

 

Ø  Non-defining Relative Clauses: estas oraciones agregan información adicional. Se utilizan comas para separar la cláusula relativa del resto de la oración. No se puede utilizar “that” en lugar de “which” o “who” en este tipo de cláusula.

Ejemplos:

·         My friend Tony, who is an excellent writer, is helping me with my English paper.

(Mi amigo Tony, quien es un escritor excelente, está ayudándome con mi redacción de inglés.)

·         The report, which my boss asked me to write last week, still isn’t finished.

(El informe, que mi jefe me pidió que escribiera la semana pasada, todavía no está terminado.)

Defining Relative Clauses: estas oraciones definen el sustantivo e identifican a qué cosa o persona nos referimos. No se usan comas con este tipo de oraciones.

Ejemplos:

·         I wrote the report that you asked for.

(Escribí el informe que me pidió.)

·         She never met the man who saved her father’s life.

(Nunca conoció al hombre que salvó la vida de su padre.)

 Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using 'that' or 'who' and a relative clause

Nota: El significado de la frase cambia dependiendo de qué tipo de oración de relativo se utiliza.

Ejemplos:

·          

The employees who worked long hours completed their projects on time.

(Los empleados que trabajaban largas horas terminaron sus proyectos a tiempo.)
Nota: Sólo los que trabajaron muchas horas terminaron los proyectos a tiempo.

 

 

·          

The employees, who worked long hours, completed their projects on time.

(Los empleados, que trabajaron muchas horas, terminaron sus proyectos a tiempo.)
Nota: Todos los empleados terminaron los proyectos a tiempo.

Defining or Non-defining?

Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause. If it's possible, you should drop the relative pronoun

Mixed exercises

test on relative clauses

Crossword puzzle

viernes, 17 de mayo de 2019

FINAL REVIEW (4º ESO)

- Conditional sentences:

- Passive:
- Reported speech:

martes, 3 de abril de 2018

Relative Clauses Exercises

Relative pronoun - necessary or not? 
Choose the right answer
Defining or Non-Defining?
Choose the right option
Write one relative sentence by joining the following ones with a relative pronoun. Make the necessary changes and leave the relative pronoun when possible.

1.- The book is on the table. It was written by an old English novelist.
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2.- Here is a photograph of the hotel. We stayed there for a weekend.
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3.- We met a friend last week. Her husband is an engineer.
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4.- We visited the town. It lies at the source of the Danube.
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5.- David bought a new camera. It was made in Japan.
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6,. Ann found the money. Sam had lost it on his way to the library.
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7.- I know the girl. She is going to marry my cousin.
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8.- We live in a town near Madrid. In that town there are many shops.
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9.- A very interesting man wrote a letter to a newspaper. That man was born in England.
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10.-The castle stands above the town. It was built by the Normans.
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11.-Helen has a stamp collection. It contains many rare stamps.
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12.-I met a Japanese tourist. You would like him a lot.
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13.-He is a very funny person. In fact I don’t know anyone funnier.
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14.-She remembered my birthday. She was the only one to do so.
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15.-Peter is going to marry a girl. Her sister is my class.
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16.-The politician resigned. She had refused to support her party.
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17.-That is the school. As a child I was there.
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18.- Pilar and Gema are very nice girls. Their mother is a good friend of mine
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19.- Laura is making fun of all of us. I don’t understand it.
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20.- James wrote a biography on Mike Anderson. James’s father was a famous historian.

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domingo, 19 de marzo de 2017

GRAMMAR REVISION

WRITE QUESTIONS:
1. Everyone who knew him and Olivia thought he adored her.
2. Stephen was down on his right knee.
3. His being there now was owing to some funny accident.
4. After orange juice and coffee Olivia felt ready for her role of the horrified widow.
5. The dressing gown she was wearing was long, pink and flimsy.
6.  The officer's weapon shone in the dark
7. He sent him out of the room so as to speak to the visitor about the affair.
8. Mrs Pitts had been trying to phone them every five minutes since 11.00 a.m.
9. The hammer appeared behind the laurel bushes by the front gate.
10. It stood there for 2 hours.

REPORTED SPEECH
1.       I’m living the adventure of my life,” Banderas said.
2.       “I was taught information technology in this course,” she said.
3.       My aunt said: “Single men should drive slowly if they want to live longer”
4.       He said: “We are here today to reach consensus”
5.       Julia said: “We will meet our new instructor tomorrow” 
6.       He said to one of them: “Let me see the streets once more before I die.
7.       “Please, don’t say anything to him”, he said
8.       “Don’t talk to me like that,” said his mother.
9.       He asked: “Do you often play rugby?”
10.   Michael asked her: “Where did you find these trainers?

PASSIVE VOICE
(ACTIVE INTO PASSIVE)
1. They awarded Helen a prize for her excellent marks.
2. They may ask Tom a few questions about his attendance.
3. Someone gave her a DVD player for Christmas.
4. Are they going to redecorate the shop during the holidays?
5. They’ll send her a free replacement next week.

(PASSIVE INTO ACTIVE)
1.       Speed limit has to be introduced gradually.
2.       The runways are being lengthened at all the main airports.
3.       The damaged ship was being towed into the harbour when the towline broke.
4.       The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land.
5.       He was made to walk along a chalked line and repeat complicated tongue-twisters.

(IMPERSONAL PASSIVE)
1. People know that he is armed.
2. People believe that Germans drink a lot of beer.
3. People say that the Prime Minister and his wife are getting divorced.
4. They reported that the home team had won.
5. People think the government will fall.

RELATIVE CLAUSES
1.       I liked the house. Its roof was made of red tiles
2.       A spade is a tool. You dig with it.
3.       Here is the museum. I told you about it.
4.       I can't respect politicians. Their only ambition is to be in power.
5.       This is the man. We bought the ring from him.
6.       Where is the cassette? We listened to it.

REPHRASING
1.       She started drinking too much alcohol two years ago.- She has
2.       I don’t have a computer so I can’t type the essay on English grammar.- If
3.       Despite having been vaccinated she caught the flu.- Although she
4.    “We will arrest them for illegal entry in the country”, the policeman said.- The policeman said.
5. The teacher glued the pieces of the broken toy.- The pieces

lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015

Relative Clauses: SUMMARY

RELATIVE CLAUSES


They are most often used to define, add extra information or identify the noun that precedes them.(antecedent)

Relative Pronouns
I told you about the woman who / that lives next door.
Do you see the cat which/ that is lying on the roof?
That’s boy whose mother is a nurse.

Relative Adverbs
The day when / that we met him was my birthday.
This is the station where Emily met James.
This is the reason why / that I love English.

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?

If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.

the apple which is lying on the table is rotten

If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses.

the apple (which) George put on the table is red


Defining Relative Clauses

- give detailed information defining a general term or expression.
- are not put in commas.
- object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped:
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses
- give additional information on something, but do not define it. 
- are put in commas.
- Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.
Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.