The Numbers

School Year 2014-2015

Hi everybody!!!!

I just want to wish you all a very happy school year 2014-2015. I hope we’ll learn a lot of English and we’ll use  IC Technologies frequently.

Good luck!!!
Beatriz

REVISE VOCABULARY

CLOTHES
http://englishflashgames.blogspot.com.es/2008/08/clothes-game.html
http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/fun-games/match-the-kit
http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/language-games/order-the-words/summer-clothes
http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/language-games/make-the-sentences/describing-people
Answer these questions in your notebook:
Have you got a favourite T-shirt? What does it look like? Did you choose it or did someone give it to you? Is it old or new? Tell us about your favourite T-shirt.


FOOD
http://englishflashgames.blogspot.com.es/2008/09/food-game.html
http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/play-with-friends/quiz-food
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/freetime/games/pic-your-wits
Answer these questions in your notebook:
What's your favourite food? How often do you eat it? Do you know the ingredients to cook it?

HOLIDAYS
Imagine that some friends are coming on holiday to your town or city for the first time. Write a message to tell them what they can do when they come to visit.

• What's the name of your town or city?
• Is it big or small?
• What's the weather like at the moment?
• Are there any fun places to visit, like museums or parks?
• What food is popular in your town or city?

SPELLING
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/freetime/games/sushi-spell

FOOTBALL FANS
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/freetime/games/beat-keeper

VOCABULARY FILMS

VOCABULARY: FILMS

PEOPLE’S JOBS -          Film star: estrella de cine -          Director -          Productor -          Actor/actress: actor / actriz -          Make-up artist -          Stuntman/stuntwoman -          Cameraman /camerawoman -          Scriptwriter

VERBS/EXPRESSIONS                          -          Star in a film: protagonizar una película -          Release a film: estrenar una peli -          Win an award: ganar un premio -          Direct a film -          Film a scene: grabar una escena -          Review: hacer una crítica -          Get rave reviews: obtener criticas favorables. -          Tell the story of: contar la historia de -          Be based on a novel: estar basada en una novela -          Be nominated for an Oscar: estar nominado/a para un Oscar

THINGS RELATED TO FILMS -          Movie/film -          Subtitles: subtítulos -          Box-office hit: éxito de taquilla -          3D film -          Main character: personaje principal -          Plot: argumento -          Script: guión -          Soundtrack: banda sonora -          Screen: pantalla -          Scene: escena -          Studio: estudio -          Set: plató -          Special effects: efectos especiales -          Costumes: disfraces

ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE FILMS GOOD -excellent - brilliant - awesome: impresionante - outstanding: excepcional - superb: magnífico - wonderful: maravillosa BAD - awful: horrible - dreadful: espantoso FUNNY - hilarious: divertidísimo - amusing: divertida EXCITING - thrilling: emocionante BORING - predictable: predecible -dull: aburrida - unsurprising

Exercise: Reported Speech

Change the following sentences into reported speech.
1. The spokesman said: “I can’t understand why billiards has been prohibited.”
2. Gihan exclaimed: “We have had too many prohibitions.”
3. The young lady said: “I did not make such a mistake.”
4. She said: “We’ll go and get some food.”
5. Winston Churchill said: “I wake up at six every day”
6. A company representative said: “This probably won’t happen.”
7. A farmer said: “If the situation goes on like this, we will lose the consumers’ confidence for ever”.
8. He added: “We need someone who will realise that celibacy has to be a personal choice”.
9. She said: “I think the amount of immigrants right now is OK, but I don’t think we need any more”.
10. He said: “In Japan paper-folding was valued for its decorative function”.
11. “If I don’t win this game, I will retire,” Kasparov said.
12. The police said: “Youssef planned the World Trade Centre bombing”.
13. She said: “As a woman, my life will change with the new millennium”.
14. “I watched a documentary about dolphins on TV yesterday,” said John.
15. “I’m living the adventure of my life,” Banderas said.
16. Al Gore said: “As a teenager, one of the books that I read was Silent Spring.”
17. “I was taught information technology in this course,” she said.
18. My aunt said: “Single men should drive slowly if they want to live longer”
19. He said: “We are here today to reach consensus”
20. Last week Julia said: “We will meet our new instructor tomorrow”
21. He said to one of them: “Let me see the streets once more before I die. I’ll be back in five minutes.”
22. “Please, don’t say anything to him”, he said.
23. “Don’t talk to me like that,” said his mother.
24. She said: “Don’t smoke if you want to save money.”
25. “Buy me the paper if you’re going out”, Alice asked her brother.
26. He asked: “Do you often play rugby?”
27. The doctor asked: “Do you ever feel this pain in your stomach before meals?”
28. Michael asked her: “Where did you find these trainers?
29. Michael wondered: “Why do I do this every day?”
30. “What time did the film start?” she asked.
31. Her parents asked her: “Why do you want to become a bullfighter?”
32. They asked her mother: “Does he often come home late from school?”
33. The judge asked Karl: “How long have you known the accused? “

ANSWERS

1. The spokesman said that he couldn’t understand why billiards had been prohibited.

2. Gihan exclaimed that they had too many prohibitions.

3. The young lady said that she had not made such a mistake.

4. She said that that they would go and get some food.

5. Winston Churchill said that he woke up at six every day.

6. A company representative said that probably wouldn’t happen.

7. A farmer said that if the situation went on like that they would lose the consumers’ confidence for ever.

8. He added that they needed someone who would realise that celibacy had to be a personal choice.

9. She said that she thought the amount of immigrants at that moment was OK, but she didn’t think they needed any more.

10. He said that in Japan paper-folding had been valued for its decorative function.

11. Kasparov said that if he didn’t win that game he would retire.

12. The police said that Youssef had planned the World Trade Centre bombing.

13. She said that as a woman, her life would change with the new millennium.

14. John said that he had watched a documentary about dolphins on TV the day before.

15. Banderas said that he was living the adventure of his life.

16. Al Gore said that as a teenager, one of the books that he had read had been Silent Spring.

17. She said that she had been taught information technology in that course.

18. My aunt said that single men should drive slowly if they wanted to live longer.

19. He said that they were there that day to reach consensus.

20. Last week Julia said that they would meet their new instructor the following day.

21. He asked one of them to let him see the streets once more before he died, and then he promised to be back in five minutes.

22. He begged her not to say anything to him.

23. His mother told him not to talk to her like that.

24. She advised him not to smoke if he wanted to save money.

25. Alice asked her brother to buy her the paper if he was going out.

26. He asked if he often played rugby.

27. The doctor asked me if I ever felt that pain in my stomach before meals.

28. Michael asked her where she had found those trainers.

29. Michael wondered why he did that every day.

30. She asked what time the film started.

31. Her parents asked her why she wanted to become a bullfighter.

32. They asked her mother if she often came home late from school.

33. The judge asked Karl how long he had known the accused.

REPORTED SPEECH (Estilo Indirecto)

· Compara la diferencia entre el estilo directo y el indirecto:

Estilo directo: - He said: “I don´t want to go home yet.”

Estilo indirecto o reported speech: - He said (that) he didn´t want to go home yet.

· En estilo indirecto that es opcional. Se incluye cuando queremos usar un lenguaje más formal.

· Cambios de tiempo verbal:

Estilo directo (Direct Speech)

Estilo indirecto (Reported speech)

Presente simple I enjoy reading comics. Presente continuo She´s washing the dishes. Pasado simple I worked for an art gallery. Pasado continuo He was making dinner. Presente perfecto We have watched all those films. Futuro I´ll post those letters. Can I can´t wait any longer. Must I must take that train. May She may lend me some money.

Pasado simple He said he enjoyed reading comics Pasado continuo He said she was washing the dishes. Pasado perfecto He said he had worked for an art gallery. Pasado perfecto continuo He said he had been making dinner. Pasado perfecto He said they had watched all those films. Condicional simple (would) He said he would post those letters. Could He said he couldn´t wait any longer. Had to He said he had to take that train. Might He said she might lend him some money.

·  Expresiones que cambian en estilo indirecto:

Estilo directo (Direct Speech)	Estilo indirecto (Reported speech)
Pronombres personales y objeto “I don´t know you” “We are late”	She said she didn´t know me. He said they were late.
Posesivos “That´s not my book”	He said that wasn´t his book.
Adverbios y expresiones de tiempo Tomorrow Today Yesterday Next week Last week Now Here This week	the next day / the following day that day the day before / the previous day the following week the week before, the previous week then / at that moment there that week

·    Ordenes e imperativos en estilo indirecto: (not) to + infinitivo

“Shut up!” - He asked me to shut up.

 “Don´t open that window” - He ordered them not to open that window.

·     Preguntas en estilo indirecto: al pasar de estilo directo a indirecto las preguntas tienen el

orden sujeto + verbo. Hay que diferenciar entre dos tipos de preguntas:

- Preguntas con palabra interrogativa (what, who, where, etc.):

He asked: “Where are you?” - He asked me where I was.

- Preguntas cuya respuesta es sí o no (sin palabra interrogativa, Yes/No questions).

She asked: “are you ok?” - She asked me if / whether I was ok.

·     Reporting verbs:

- Verbo + (that): say, claim, explain, insist, agree, complain, reply, deny, admit (decir, revindicar, explicar, insitir, acceder, quejarse, contester, negarse, admitir)

- Verbo + pronombre objeto + infinitivo: advise, encourage, invite, remind warn (aconsejar, animar, inviter, recorder, advertir)

- Verbo + pronombre objeto + (that): tell (contar)

- Verbo + infinitivo con to: offer, refuse, agree, promise, decide, threaten (ofrecer, rechazar, acceder, decidir, chantajear) 

- Verbo + verbo (-ing): suggest, recommend, deny (sugerir, recomendar, negar)

- Verbo + for + verbo(-ing): apologise, thank (disculparse, agradecer)

VOCABULARY: The Media

The Media - Internet - TV - national / local newspaper - radio Sections of the newspaper - world news: noticias internacionales - sport - national news - entertainment: entretenimiento - local news - business: negocios / economía - classified ads: anuncios por palabras - weather: el tiempo - fashion: moda - editorial: opinión - horoscopes: horóscopos - travel: viajes - current affairs: temas de actualidad - the letters page: correo de lectores Sections of a page in a newspaper - newsflash: noticia de última hora - article: artículo - front page: primera plana, portada - headline: titular Types of newspapers - tabloids: periódico formato pequeño con noticias sensacionalistas - broadsheet: periódico formato grande - magazine: revista

Jobs - journalist: periodista - reporter: reportero/a -editors: editores/as - host / hostess: presentador/a - photographer: fotografo/a - paparazzi Verbs - broadcast live: emitir en directo - broadcast worldwide: emitir en todo el mundo - cover a story: cubrir una historia - cover an event: cubrir un acontecimiento - give an interview: conceder una entrevista - give information: dar información - hold a conversation: mantener una convers. - hold a press conference: dar una rueda de prensa - interview: entrevistar - present a programme: presentar - record: grabar -report a theft: informar de un robo - report the news: dar las noticias Other words - freedom of press: libertad de prensa - newsworthy: de interés periodístico - on-the-spot: en el lugar del suceso

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: PASSIVE VOICE

Change from active into passive:
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/passive1/index.php (beginners)
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/passive2/index.php (intermediate)
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson24/06.html

Change from passive into active
https://www.englishgrammar.org/change-active-voice/

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in passive voice:
http://www.e-grammar.org/passive-voice/test1-exercise1/
Sentences with two objects:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?07


impersonal passive (grammar notes + exercises)
http://www.aprenderinglesfacil.es/2010/05/impersonal-passive-voice-voz-pasiva.html (notes)
http://es.slideshare.net/JRodMolina/personal-and-impersonal-passive
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6854#a (exercises)
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?09

causative passive
(grammar notes)`
http://www.eoioviedo.org/anacarmen/passive/causative%20verbs.pdf
http://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/causatives-with-verb-have.html
(exercises)
http://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/exercises/causative-have-exercise.htm
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=7326

NOTES ON THE PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

Who stole it?

Form of Passive

Subject + verb to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs / verb ending -ed)

Example: A letter was written (irregular)

A football game is being played (regular)

Active to Passive

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following steps:

1^st step: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

2^nd step: verb to be takes the tense of the verb in the active sentence.

3^rd step: write the past participle of the verb in the active sentence.

4^th step: the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped) introduced by _____

	Active	Passive
1st step	Object	Subject
2nd step	Verb tense =	Tense of the verb to be
3rd step	Verb =	Past participle
4th step	subject	by …

Example: Tom has made a cake (active)

A cake has been made by Tom (Passive)

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object.

	Subject	Verb	Object 1	Object 2
Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter	to me.
Passive:	A letter	was written	to me	by Rita.
Passive:	I	was written	a letter	by Rita.

IMPERSONAL AND PERSONAL PASSIVE

Sometimes when you are reporting what people say or believe, you don´t know, or you don´t want to say, who exactly the `people´ are. So you use an impersonal construction:

People believe that thousands of birds died.

The same idea can be expressed by using the passive in two different ways:

a) subject + passive of reporting verb + `to´ infinitive (PERSONAL PASSIVE)

Hundreds of thousands of birds are believed to have died.

b) It + passive of reporting verb + that + clause (IMPERSONAL PASSIVE)

It is believed that hundreds of thousands of birds died.

VERB CHANGES IN PERSONAL PASSIVE

PRESENT / SIMPLE FUTURE: live / will live __ to live (to infinitive)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: is living __ to be living (to be + V-ing)
PRESENT PERFECT: have lived __ to have lived (to have + pp)
PAST SIMPLE / PAST PERFECT: lived __ to have lived / had lived __ to have lived (to have + pp)
PAST CONTINUOUS:  was living __ to have been living (to have been + V-ing)

THE CAUSATIVE FORM: have/get + object +past participle

Instead of a passive sentence, we sometimes use the causative form when you get somebody else to do something for you.

     

• She's having her house redecorated.
• I had a copy of the report sent to you

In informal English, we can replace 'have' by 'get'.

• They will be getting the system repaired.
• I got the bill sent direct to the company.