REPORTED SPEECH (Estilo Indirecto)

· Compara la diferencia entre el estilo directo y el indirecto:

Estilo directo: - He said: “I don´t want to go home yet.”

Estilo indirecto o reported speech: - He said (that) he didn´t want to go home yet.

· En estilo indirecto that es opcional. Se incluye cuando queremos usar un lenguaje más formal.

· Cambios de tiempo verbal:

Estilo directo (Direct Speech)

Estilo indirecto (Reported speech)

Presente simple I enjoy reading comics. Presente continuo She´s washing the dishes. Pasado simple I worked for an art gallery. Pasado continuo He was making dinner. Presente perfecto We have watched all those films. Futuro I´ll post those letters. Can I can´t wait any longer. Must I must take that train. May She may lend me some money.

Pasado simple He said he enjoyed reading comics Pasado continuo He said she was washing the dishes. Pasado perfecto He said he had worked for an art gallery. Pasado perfecto continuo He said he had been making dinner. Pasado perfecto He said they had watched all those films. Condicional simple (would) He said he would post those letters. Could He said he couldn´t wait any longer. Had to He said he had to take that train. Might He said she might lend him some money.

·  Expresiones que cambian en estilo indirecto:

Estilo directo (Direct Speech)	Estilo indirecto (Reported speech)
Pronombres personales y objeto “I don´t know you” “We are late”	She said she didn´t know me. He said they were late.
Posesivos “That´s not my book”	He said that wasn´t his book.
Adverbios y expresiones de tiempo Tomorrow Today Yesterday Next week Last week Now Here This week	the next day / the following day that day the day before / the previous day the following week the week before, the previous week then / at that moment there that week

·    Ordenes e imperativos en estilo indirecto: (not) to + infinitivo

“Shut up!” - He asked me to shut up.

 “Don´t open that window” - He ordered them not to open that window.

·     Preguntas en estilo indirecto: al pasar de estilo directo a indirecto las preguntas tienen el

orden sujeto + verbo. Hay que diferenciar entre dos tipos de preguntas:

- Preguntas con palabra interrogativa (what, who, where, etc.):

He asked: “Where are you?” - He asked me where I was.

- Preguntas cuya respuesta es sí o no (sin palabra interrogativa, Yes/No questions).

She asked: “are you ok?” - She asked me if / whether I was ok.

·     Reporting verbs:

- Verbo + (that): say, claim, explain, insist, agree, complain, reply, deny, admit (decir, revindicar, explicar, insitir, acceder, quejarse, contester, negarse, admitir)

- Verbo + pronombre objeto + infinitivo: advise, encourage, invite, remind warn (aconsejar, animar, inviter, recorder, advertir)

- Verbo + pronombre objeto + (that): tell (contar)

- Verbo + infinitivo con to: offer, refuse, agree, promise, decide, threaten (ofrecer, rechazar, acceder, decidir, chantajear) 

- Verbo + verbo (-ing): suggest, recommend, deny (sugerir, recomendar, negar)

- Verbo + for + verbo(-ing): apologise, thank (disculparse, agradecer)