International Day of Flamenco

 1)      Read the text about the International Day of Flamenco and answer the questions below

International Day of Flamenco: 10 aspects to take into account to “understand Flamenco”.

November 16th is not just a date on the calendar; it is a day dedicated to honouring the cultural richness and authenticity of flamenco. This day commemorates the inclusion of flamenco in the prestigious UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010. World Flamenco Day has become a special occasion to celebrate and spread the unique passion of this art that transcends borders and connects hearts.

Here are 10 facts to help you get to know the richness of this art form.

1. Mysterious origins: Although flamenco is believed to have its roots in the gypsy culture in Andalusia, its exact origins are difficult to trace. This mystery contributes to the fascination surrounding this art form, leaving room for interpretation and speculation.
2. Cultural Influences: Flamenco not only has gypsy influences, but has also absorbed elements of Moorish and Jewish culture. This fusion of traditions has enriched and diversified the art of flamenco over the years.
3. Clapping and Compás: In flamenco, clapping (rhythmic clapping) and compás (rhythm) are fundamental. Performers and hobbyists not only clap to show approval, but also actively participate in the creation of the rhythm, making the audience an integral part of the performance.
4. Exquisite costumes: The costumes in flamenco are as important as the music and the dance. Traditional costumes, especially in the case of the dancers, are elaborated colourful and richly ornamented, contributing to the visual spectacle and artistic expression.
5. Flamenco Guitar: The flamenco guitar, an essential component of the genre, has unique characteristics. With a thinner soundboard than the classical guitar, it produces a brighter and more percussive sound, perfect for accompanying flamenco singing and dancing.
   
   
   
6. El Duende: “Duende” is a difficult concept to translate, but it is essential to understanding flamenco. It refers to the magic, emotion and authenticity that an artist brings to his or her performance. Flamenco is not just technique; it is the ability to transmit deep feelings.
7. Tablao Flamenco: Although flamenco can be enjoyed in a variety of venues, from theatres to festivals, “tablaos flamencos” are special places dedicated exclusively to this art form. They offer an intimate and authentic experience, where artists can connect directly with the audience.
8. Cante Jondo: This style of singing, often called “cante jondo” or “cante hondo”, is characterised by its emotional depth and its connection with the most primitive aspects of human existence. It is a fundamental component of the purest flamenco.
9. Improvisation and Spontaneity: Although some flamenco pieces are carefully structured, improvisation and spontaneity are key elements. Artists can surprise the audience with unexpected variations in singing, dancing or guitar playing, creating unique moments in each performance.
10.  Word “Flamenco”: The word “flamenco” does not only refer to the musical and dance genre. Originally, it was used to describe the gypsies who settled in Andalusia, and later, it became associated with the art they created.

2)      Choose the right answers:

1. What is the significance of November 16th in relation to flamenco?
• A) It marks the birth of a famous flamenco dancer.
• B) It is the anniversary of the first flamenco festival.
• C) It is International Flamenco Day, celebrating flamenco's cultural richness.
• D) It is the date when flamenco was first performed.
2. What year was flamenco included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity?
• A) 2010
• B) 2005
• C)  2020
• D) 2015
3. Which cultures have influenced flamenco, according to the text?
• A) Only gypsy culture
• B) Mediterranean cultures
• C) Latin American cultures
• D) Gypsy, Moorish, and Jewish cultures
4. What role does clapping play in flamenco performances?
• A) It is a way to create rhythm and engage the audience.
• B) It is only for showing approval.
• C) It is a signal for the performers to take a break.
• D) It is used to indicate the end of a performance.
5. Why are costumes important in flamenco?
• A) They are used to tell stories.
• B) They are a visual spectacle and enhance artistic expression.
• C) They serve to identify different flamenco styles.
• D) They are necessary for the musicians to perform.
6. What is unique about the flamenco guitar compared to a classical guitar?
• A) It has a thicker soundboard.
• B) It is played only during festivals.
• C) It has a thinner soundboard and a brighter sound.
• D) It produces a softer sound.
7. What does "El Duende" refer to in the context of flamenco?
• A) A specific type of dance.
• B) The magic and emotion an artist brings to their performance.
• C) A technical skill in playing guitar.
• D) A traditional flamenco song.
8. What are "tablaos flamencos"?
• A) Festivals celebrating flamenco.
• B) Special venues dedicated to flamenco performances.
• C) Types of flamenco dances.
• D) Styles of flamenco guitar playing.
9. What is "cante jondo"?
• A) A type of flamenco dance.
• B) A style of flamenco singing characterized by emotional depth.
• C) A flamenco instrument.
• D) A form of flamenco costume.
10. How do improvisation and spontaneity feature in flamenco performances?
• A) They create unique moments in each performance.
• B) They are not allowed in flamenco.
• C) They are only used in guitar playing.
• D) They are reserved for the audience's participation.